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The following article was published as a two part series in the
February and March issues  of  "The UFO  Enigma". This is the
newsletter of the UFO Study Group of Greater St. Louis, Inc.  This article could be placed  under more  than one catagory.   Comments anyone???

                                                               KEN HANKE

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 NIKOLA TESLA
 MAN AHEAD OF HIS TIME
(or How To Build a UFO)
 By Bill Jones

 Nikola Tesla,  inventor  of  alternating current motors, did the basic research for constructing electromagnetic field lift-and-drive aircraft/space craft.  From 1891 to  1893, he gave a set of lectures and demonstrations to groups of electrical engineers.   As  part  of each show, Tesla  stood  in the middle of the stage, using his 6' 6" height, with an assistant on either  side,  each 7 feet away.  All 3 men wore thick cork or rubber shoe soles to avoid being electrically grounded.  Each assistant held a wire, part of a high  voltage,  low current circuit.  When  Tesla  raised  his arms to each side, violet
colored electricity jumped harmlessly  across  the  gaps between the men.  At high voltage and frequency in this arrangement, electricity flows over a surface, even the skin, rather than into it.  This is a basic circuit which could be used by aircraft / spacecraft.

The hull  is  best  made double, of thin, machinable,  slightly
flexible ceramic.  This  becomes a good electrical insulator, has no fire danger, resists any damaging  effects  of severe heat and cold, and has the  hardness  of  armor,  besides being easy  for  magnetic fields to pass through.

The inner  hull is covered on it's outside by wedge shaped thin
metal sheets of copper or aluminum,  bonded  to  the  ceramic.  Each sheet is 3  to 4 feet wide at the horizontal rim  of  the  hull  and tapers to a  few  inches wide at the top of the hull for the top set of metal sheets, or at the bottom  for  the  bottom  set  of sheets.Each sheet is separated on either side from the next sheet by 1 or 2 inches of uncovered ceramic hull.  The top set of sheets  and bottom set of sheets  are  separated by about 6 inches of uncovered ceramic hull around the horizontal rim of the hull.

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The outer hull protects these sheets from being short-circuited
by wind blown  metal  foil  (Air Force radar confusing chaff), heavy rain or concentrations   of  gasoline   or   kerosene   fumes.If unshielded, fuel fumes could be electrostatically attracted  to  the hull sheets, burn  and  form  carbon  deposits across the insulating gaps between the sheets, causing  a  short-circuit.   The space, the outer hull with  a  slight negative charge, would absorb  hits  from micro-meteorites and cosmic  rays  (protons moving at near the speed of light). Any danger of this type  that  doesn't  already  have  a negative electric charge would get a negative charge  in hitting the
outer hull, and  be repelled by the metal sheets before it could hit the inner hull.  This wouldn't work  well  on  a  very big meteor, I might add.


The hull can be made in a variety of shapes; sphere,  football,
disc, or streamlined  rectangle  or triangle, as long as these metal sheets, "are of  considerable  area   and   arranged   along ideal enveloping surfaces of very large radii of curvature,"  p.  85.  "My Inventions" , by Nikola Tesla.

The power  plant  for  this machine can be a nuclear fission or
fusion reactor for long range and  long-term  use  to  run  a  steam engine which turns the generators.  A short range machine  can use a hydrogenoxygen fuel cell  to  run  a  low-voltage  motor to turn the generators, occasionally recharging by hovering next to high voltage power lines and using antennas mounted  on the outer hull to take in the electricity.  The short-range machine can also  have electricity beamed to it  from  a  generating  plan  on  a long-range aircraft /spacecraft or on the ground.(St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Nov. 24, 1987, Vol 109, No. 328,"The Forever Plane" by Geoffrey Rowan, p.D1, D7.)

("Popular Science", Vol 232, No. 1,  Jan. 1988, "Secret of Perpetual Flight?  Beam Power Plane," by Arthur Fisher, p. 62-65, 106)


One standard for the generators is to have the  same  number of
magnets as field  coils.   Tesla's  preferred design was a thin disc holding 480 magnets with 480 field coils wired in series surrounding it in close tolerance.  At 50 revolutions  per  minute,  it produces 19,400 cycles per second.

  The electricity is fed into a number of large  capacitors,  one for each metal  sheet.  An automatic switch, adjustable in timing by the pilot, closes, and as the electricity  jumps  across the switch, back and forth,  it raises it's own frequency; a switch  being  used for each capacitor.

The electricity  goes  into  a  Tesla  transformer;  again, one
transformer for each capacitor.   In  an  oil  tank  to insulate the windings and for  cooling,  and  supported internally  by  wood,or plastic, pipe and  fittings,  each  Tesla  transformer  looks like a short wider pipe that is moved along  a  longer, narrower pipe by an insulated non-electric cable handle.  The short pipe,  the  primary,is 6 to  10 windings (loops) of wire co nected in series to the long pipe.  The secondary is 460 to 600  windings, at the low voltage and frequency end.

The insulated non-electric cable handle is used through a set

                        Page 2

of automatic controls  to move the primary coil to various places on the secondary coil.  This is the frequency  control.   The secondary coil has a low frequency and voltage end and a maximum  voltage  and frequency end.  The  greater the frequency the electricity, the more it pushes against  the  earth's  electrostatic  and electromagnetic fields.

 The electricity  comes  out  of  the transformer  at  the  high
voltage end and  goes  by  wire through the ceramic hull to the wide end of the metal sheet.  The electricity jumps out on and flows over the metal sheet,  giving off a very  strong  electromagnetic field,controlled by the transformer. At  the narrow end  of the  metal sheet, most of the  high-voltage push  having been given off, the electricity goes back by wire through  the hull to a circuit breaker box (emergency shut off),then to the other side of the generators.

In bright sunlight, the aircraft/spacecraft may seem surrounded by hot  air, a slight magnetic distortion of the light.In semi-darkness and night, the metal sheets glow, even through the thin ceramic outer hull, with different colors.  The  visible  light
is a by-product of the electricity flowing over the metal sheets,according to the frequencies used.

 Descending, landing or just starting  to  lift from the ground,
 the transformer primaries  are  near  the secondary  weak  ends  and therefore, the bottom  set of sheets glow a misty red.  Red may also appear at the front of the machine  when  it is moving forward fast,lessening resistance up  front.   Orange  appears  for  slow  speed.Orange-yellow are for  airplane-type speeds.  Green and blue are for higher speeds.  With a capacitor addition,  making  it oversized for the circuit, the blue becomes bright white, like a searchlight, with possible risk of  damaging the metal sheets involved.   The  highest visible frequency is violet, like Tesla's stage demonstrations, used
for the highest  speed  along with the bright white. The colors are nearly coherent, of a single frequency, like a laser.

A machine built with a set of super conducting  magnets would
simplify and reduce  electricity needs from a vehicle's transformer circuits to the  point of flying along efficiently and hovering with little electricity.

When Tesla was developing arc lights to run on alternating
current,there was a bothersome high-pitched whine, whistle,  or
buzz,due to the electrodes rapidly heating and cooling.Tesla put
this noise in  the ultrasonic range  with  the  special  transformer already mentioned. The aircraft/spacecraft gives  off such noises when working at low frequencies.

 Timing is important in the operation of this machine.For
 every 3 metal sheets, when the middle one is briefly turned off, the sheet on either side is energized,  giving  off  the magnetic field.


The next instant, the middle sheet is energized, while  the sheet on either side is  briefly  turned  off.   There is a time delay in the capacitors recharging themselves,  so  at  any time, half of all the metal sheets are  energized  and  the  other half  are  recharging,alternating all around  the  inner hull. This balances the machine,giving it very good stability.  This balance is less when fewer of the circuits are in use.


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 Fairly close,  the  aircraft/spacecraft produces heating of
persons and objects on the ground;  but  by hovering over an area at low altitude for maybe 5 or 10 minutes, the machine  also produces a column of very cold  air  down to the ground.  As air molecules get into the strong magnetic fields that the  machine  is  transmitting out, the air molecules become polarized and from lines,  or strings, of air molecules. The  normal  movement of the air is stopped, and there is suddenly a lot more room for air molecules in this area, so more air pours in.This expansion and the lack of normal air motion make the area intensely cold.

This is also the reason that  the aircraft / spacecraft can fly
 at supersonic speeds without making sonic booms.  As  air flows over the hull, top  and  bottom,  the air molecules form lines as they go through the magnetic fields of the metal sheet circuits. As the air molecules are left behind, they keep  their  line arrangements for a short time,long enough to cancel out the sonic boom shock waves.

Outside the earth's magnetic field, another propulsion  system
must be used, which  relies on the  first. You may have read of
particle accelerators, or cyclotrons, or atom smashers.A particle accelerator is a circular  loop of pipe that, in cross-section,is oval.In a physics laboratory, most of the air in it is pumped out.The pipe loop  is  given a static electric charge, a small amount of hydrogen or other  gas is given the  same  electric  charge  so the particles won't stick  to  the  pipe.   A set of electromagnets  all around the pipe  loop  turn on and off, one after the other, pushing with one magnetic pole and pulling  with  the  next, until those gas particles are racing  around the pipe loop at nearly  the  speed  of light. Centrifugal force  makes  the  particles speed closer to the
outside edge of the pipe loop, still within the pipe. The particles break down into electrons, or light  and  other wavelengths,protons or cosmic rays, and neutrons if more than hydrogen is put in the accelerator.

At least 2 particle accelerators are used to balance each other
and counter each  other's  tendency to make  the craft  spin.
Otherwise, the machine  would  tend to want to start  spinning,following the direction of the force being applied to the particles. The accelerators push in opposite directions.

As the  pilot  and crew travel in space, outside  the  magnetic
field of a  world,  water from a tank is electrically separated into oxygen and hydrogen.  Waste carbon  dioxide  that isn't used for the onboard garden, and  hydrogen  (helium  if the machine  is  using  a fusion reactor) is  slowly, constantly fed into the inside curves of both accelerators.

The high speed particles go  out  through  straight  lengths of
pipe, charged like the loops and in speeding out  into  space,  push the machine along. Doors  control  which  pips the particles leave from. This allows very long range   acceleration  and  later  deceleration at normal  (earth)  gravity.This avoids  the  severe problems of weightlessness,  including lowered physical abilities of the crew.

It is possible to use straight-line particle accelerators, even
 as few as one per machine, but these  don't  seem as able to get the best machine speed for the least amount of particles pushed out.

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 Using a constant  acceleration of 32.2 feet  per second per
 second provides earth  normal gravity  in  deep  space  and  only 2 gravities of stress in leaving the earth's gravity field.  It takes,not counting air resistance, 18 minutes, 58.9521636 seconds to reach the 25,000 miles per hour speed to leave the earth's  gravity field.


It takes about 354 days, 12 hours, 53 minutes and 40 seconds (about)to reach the  speed  of  light  -  672,487,072.7 miles per hour.  It takes the same distance to decelerate  as  it  does to speed up, but this cuts down  the time delay that one would have  in  conventional chemical rocketry enormously, for a long journey.

A set of superconducting magnets can be charged by metal sheet circuits, within limits, to  whatever frequency is needed and will continue to transmit that magnetic field frequency  almost indefinitely.

A shortwave  radio can be used to find the exact  frequencies
 that an aircraft /spacecraft  is using, for each of the colors it may show whole a color television can show  the same overall color frequency that the nearby, but not extremely close, craft is using This is limited, as a machine traveling  at the  speed of a jet airliner may broadcast in a frequency range usually used for radar sets.

The craft  circuits  override  lower frequency,lower voltage
 electric circuits within and near their electromagnetic fields.  One source briefly mentioned  a 1941  incident, where a shortwave radio was used to override automobile  ignition  systems, up to 3 miles away.  When the shortwave radio was turned off, the  cars could work again.  How many   UFO   encounters  have  been  reported  in  which automobile ignition systems have suddenly stopped?

I figure that things would not  be  at all pleasant for drivers
of modern cars with computer controlled engine and ignition systems.Computer circuitry is sensitive to small changes  in  voltage  and a temporary wrong-way voltage  surge may wipe the computer memory out.It could mean that a number of drivers  would  suddenly  be stranded with their cars not working should such a craft fly  low over a busy highway.  Only diesel   engines,  already  warmed  up,  and  Stanley Steamer type steam engine cares are  able  to  continue working in a strong electromagnetic field.In May, 1988, it was  reported  that
the U.S. Army had lost 5 Blackhawk helicopters and 22 crewmen in
crashes caused by  ordinary commercial radio broadcasting overriding the computer control circuits  of those  helicopters. Certainly,computer circuits for for this aircraft/spacecraft can and must be designed to overcome this weakness.

One construction  arrangement for this craft to avoid such
interference is for the metal sheet  circuits  to be more sharply tuned.Quartz or other crystals can be used in capacitors; in a very large number of low-powered, single frequency  circuits, or as part of a frequency control for the metal sheet circuits.

The aircraft/spacecraft easily overrides lower frequency and
lower voltage electric circuits up to a 6 mile wide circle around it,but the effect is usually not tuned for such a drastic show.It can be used for fire fighting: by hovering at a medium-low height at low frequency, it forms a double negative pole magnet  of itself and the ground, the sides being a rotation of positive magnetic pole.

                      Page 5

It polarizes the column of air in this field. The air becomes
icy cold.If it wouldn't put the fire out, it would slow it down.

Tesla went broke in the early 1900's building a combination
radio and electric power broadcasting station.The theory and
experiments were correct but the financiers didn't want peace and prosperity for all.

The Japanese physicist who developed superconducting  material
with strong magnetism  allows for a simplified construction  of  the aircraft/spacecraft. Blocks of this material can be used in place of the inner hull metal sheets. By putting electricity in each block, the pilot can control the strength  of  the magnetic field it gives off and can reduce the field strength by draining  some of the electric charge.  This  allows  the  same  amount of work to be done with vastly less electricity used to do it.

It is surprising that Jonathan  Swift,in his "Gulliver's
Travels",1726, third  book, "A Voyage to Laputa", described  an
imagined magnetic flying island  that comes  close to being what a large superconducting aircraft/spacecraft  can  be build as, using little or no electric power to hover and mover around.

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 This file courtesy of the Darkside at 314-644-6705
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If you have comments or other information relating to such topics as this paper covers,  please upload to KeelyNet or send to the Vangard Sciences address as listed on the  first  page.   Thank you for your consideration, interest and support.

Jerry W. Decker.........Ron Barker...........Chuck Henderson
                Vangard Sciences/KeelyNet
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