Combustion Chamber, V-2, Cutaway

With a thrust of 25 metric tons (56,000 lb), the V-2 motor was the world's first large, liquid-fuel rocket engine and powered the first ballistic missile, the German V-2 of World War II. The combustion chamber was the engine's heart and burned the propellants, water alcohol and liquid oxygen, at about 2,700 ºC (4,900 ºF). Water alcohol was injected through six pipes near the bottom of the chamber, moved up between the walls in order to cool the chamber, emerging through the sides of the 18 injectors on top. Small pipes also injected alcohol into the chamber through rings of tiny holes in order to provide a insulating film of fuel along the walls. Liquid oxygen was injected directly into the top of the injector heads. A pyrotechnic igniter started combustion, after which burning was self-sustaining.

Materials:
Steel

Country of Origin: Germany

Dimensions:
Overall: 6 ft. 5 in. tall x 3 ft. 9 in. wide (195.58 x 114.3cm); diameter, each injector, 21 in.; diameter, outside, nozzle, 29 in.

Turbopump, V-2, Cutaway

The V-2 rocket-engine turbopump drew the propellants--liquid oxygen and water alcohol--from the missile's tanks and injected them under pressure into the combustion chamber. The V-2 motor was not only the world's first large liquid-propellant rocket engine, it was also the first large rocket engine to use a turbopump, following on earlier experiments by the German Army rocket group under Wernher von Braun. This pump moved nearly 9,000 kg (20,000 lb) of alcohol and liquid oxygen from the tanks to the combustion chamber during the 60-second burning time. Driving the turbine wheels in the center of the pump were exhaust gases from a steam generator, which catalyzed hydrogen peroxide into superheated steam and oxygen. The turbine wheels in turn powered the pump impellers for the two propellants.

This artifact is cutaway to show its internal mechanisms. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center transferred it to the Smithsonian in 1975.

Country of Origin: Germany

Dimensions:
Overall: 2 ft. 8 in. tall x 2 ft. 5 in. wide x 2 ft. 4 in. deep (81.28 x 73.66 x 71.12cm)

Materials:
Steel, aluminum, rubber and leather seals
 

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